Review html egg pro12/31/2022 ![]() Among them, there are several options, such as MOS - extracted from the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, FOS - synthesized from Aspergillus niger or Aureobasidium pullulans, and others such as Glycoligosaccharides, Galactoligosaccharides. They selectively stimulate the growth and activity of one or more species of beneficial intestinal bacteria. They are non-nutrient ingredients, not digestible by birds and that significantly affect the host. ![]() The number of villi and their size in each segment of the small intestine impart to them absorptive capacity, where it is directly proportional to the number of villi present, villi size and surface area available for absorption. It concluded that the use of probiotic with raised bowel villi promotes better intestinal health and efficiency of the functions of that organ. The authors further commented that there is a positive correlation of the inclusion of red yeast in the rations with jejunal villus height, growing linearly (y= 1.417x+38.222 r 2=0.90). This effect that occurred in a similar way in the three segments of the small intestine, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. ![]() Evaluating the histology of the intestine of laying hens fed with red yeast ( Sporidiobolus pararoseus), as probiotic, 7 perceived that the height of the villi was significantly higher with the use of the probiotic in comparison to the control ration. 6 Probiotics are living microorganisms whose main function is to stabilize the intestinal micro biota, so they inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Clostridium and Salmonella) and stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus and Bifido-bacterium). Probiotics constitute living microbial food supplements, capable of beneficially affecting the host, improving the balance of its intestinal micro flora. In short, they are excellent additives in the production of antibiotic-free eggs. In this context, it is clearly perceived that essential oils have excellent affinities, thus allowing the complete elimination of antibiotics in poultry rations, since their functions are broad and benefit the entire system, as they act as antimicrobials, antioxidants, antivirals, promote mucus production, stimulate the immune response, are antifungal and antiparasitic. In the case of beneficial microorganisms in the cecum, the 100mg/g dose of the essential oil promoted a significantly higher population of Lactobacillus and Bifid bacterium, and drastic reduction in the malefic flora of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Likewise, this treatment promoted a better mass conversion of eggs, with no losses in egg quality, considering Haugh units. 3 A research 4 evaluating layers fed with colistin rations (100mg/kg), and doses of oregano essential oil (50, 100 and 150mg / kg of ration), observed a better egg laying rate and egg weight with 100mg/kg of oregano essential oil. 2 In addition to the pharmacologically active principle, the essential oils consist of mixtures of volatile substances, usually lipophilic, whose components include terpene hydrocarbons, simple alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, esters, organic acids, etc. The essential oils are alternatives to the use of antibiotic growth promoters in poultry, due to their antimicrobial action, besides possessing antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. Alternatives to the use of antibiotic performance enhancers ![]() However, some egg farmers ask themselves: "How to maintain the health of the hens, maintaining quality in production, without the use of antibiotics?” Our objective is to present some aspects related to the subject and to show results of substitutes for antibiotics. There is a wide variety of viable alternatives for antibiotic substitution, and these alternatives may even promote improvements in product quality. In this context, the search for alternatives to performance-enhancing antibiotics is necessary. In addition, and perhaps the most recently addressed, prophylactic use may promote bacterial resistance. ![]() Further, their use may mask certain problems from the poultry farm, such as biosecurity. Among the harmful effects on production, besides eliminating pathogenic bacteria, they also eliminate all intestinal floras. Among the direct effects, the elimination of pathogens from the gastrointestinal tract, and indirectly effects, improvement in nutrient absorption, lower energy and protein expenditure, lower ammonia production, and a lower rate of food passage, and others. The latter is perhaps the most interesting for the defense of the use of antibiotics, however, its use promotes direct and indirect effects. The use of antibiotics in egg production may be, through in therapy, prophylactic use and to improve the performance of the hens. ![]()
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